News of impending natural disasters (i.e., predicted hurricane landfall)Ĭenter for International Earth Science Information Network, Global Observatoryįamine early warning system, digital news and social media Species distribution grids, digital news reportsīreakdown of public health measures ( 1, 2, 4) National departments of agriculture, croplands in western Africa, Africa mining digital news reports, IMAZON Deforestation Alert Systemĭigital news, United Nations Global Pulse Global agricultural lands, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Global Forest Change 2000–2012, Global Forest Watch, global livestock distribution densities Land use and ecosystem changes ( 1, 2, 4) National census data products, Twitter, world population Night time lights, Gridded population of the world, mobile phone operator data Human demographics and behavior ( 1, 2, 4) Numerous satellite products, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatic Research Unit, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, vulnerability to climate changeĬlimate data, social media reports of climate and air pollution effects on Twitter and Sina Weibo US influenza vaccination rates, measles vaccination rates from the Mozambique Health Information System Vaccine rumor surveillance, product distribution data from manufacturers, self-reported immunization status Human susceptibility to infection ( 1, 2, 4)
DRIVERS OF GLOBALIZATION NEWS ARTICLES DRIVERS
Table Disease drivers identified in the literature and examples of data availability* Driver theme (references) Public health policy has traditionally targeted well-described socioeconomic drivers, such as lack of sanitation, lack of hygiene awareness, and poor access to health care and disease prevention services (e.g., bed nets, vaccinations, and treatments), but researchers have increasingly evaluated the complex interactions among drivers related to globalization, political issues, human susceptibility, and biophysical environmental change ( 1– 8) ( Table). These conditions may be driving emergence through a wide variety of mechanisms, such as climate change, industrial development, ecosystem change, and social inequality ( 1). Unusual infectious disease (ID) events occur when an underlying mix of antecedent epidemiologic drivers provide the necessary conditions for a pathogen to emerge in susceptible populations.
0 kommentar(er)
